Report on the Making of a Cognitive Map

 Report on the Making of a Cognitive Map

Introduction

A cognitive map is a visual representation of knowledge that helps learners understand and organize information effectively. It enhances conceptual clarity and facilitates meaningful learning. In this report, two cognitive maps have been created—one on the topic Executives from the Plus One Political Science textbook and another on the Tertiary Sector from the Plus Two Economics textbook.

• To organize and represent key concepts in a structured manner.

• To enhance comprehension and recall of the topics through visualization.

• To facilitate meaningful learning by establishing relationships between concepts.

• To encourage higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and synthesis.

Summary: Cognitive Map on Executives (Plus One Political Science)

The cognitive map on Executives illustrates the different types of executives and their roles in a political system. The key components of the map include:

1. Definition of Executives – The organ of government responsible for implementing laws and policies.

2. Types of Executives

• Political Executive – Elected leaders who make key policy decisions (e.g., Prime Minister, President).

• Permanent Executive (Bureaucracy) – Civil servants responsible for policy implementation.

3. Forms of Executives

• Parliamentary System – Executive is accountable to the legislature (e.g., India, UK).

• Presidential System – Executive is independent of the legislature (e.g., USA).

4. Functions of Executives

• Policy formulation and implementation

• Maintaining law and order

• Conducting foreign relations

• Defending the country

Conclusion

The cognitive map on Executives provides a structured understanding of their types, roles, and significance. By visually organizing these elements, learners can easily grasp the differences between political and permanent executives, as well as parliamentary and presidential systems.

Summary: Cognitive Map on Tertiary Sector (Plus Two Economics)

The cognitive map on the Tertiary Sector highlights its role in economic development. The key aspects covered in the map are:

1. Definition of Tertiary Sector – The sector of the economy that provides services rather than goods.

2. Major Components

• Trade and Commerce – Wholesale and retail businesses.

• Transport and Communication – Railways, roadways, shipping, telecommunication, etc.

• Banking and Insurance – Financial services facilitating business activities.

• Education and Healthcare – Essential public and private services.

3. Role of Tertiary Sector

• Supports primary and secondary sectors.

• Increases employment opportunities.

• Enhances economic growth through services like finance, tourism, and IT.

4. Challenges in the Tertiary Sector

• Unorganized workforce.

• Wage disparities.

• Need for skill development.

Conclusion

The cognitive map on the Tertiary Sector provides a clear understanding of its role in economic development. By visually organizing different components, it helps in better comprehension of how the sector contributes to national growth and the challenges it faces.

By creating these cognitive maps, the process of learning complex topics is simplified, making it an effective tool for teaching and assessment.